Git and Github Day-1

Linux Commands

Useful commands for managing files and navigating the system

Basic File Operations

• ls
  List directory contents.

• cd [directory]
  Change directory.

• pwd
  Print the working directory (current path).

• touch [file]
  Create a new, empty file.

• mkdir [directory]
  Create a new directory.

• rm [file]
  Remove a file.

• rm -r [directory]
  Remove a directory and its contents.

• mv [source] [destination]
  Move or rename a file or directory.

• cp [source] [destination]
  Copy a file or directory.

Git Cheat Sheet with Linux Commands

Stage & Snapshot

Working with snapshots and the Git staging area

• git status
  Show modified files in the working directory and staged for your next commit.

• git add [file]
  Add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage it).

• git reset [file]
  Unstage a file while retaining the changes in your working directory.

• git diff
  Show changes that are not staged.

• git diff --staged
  Show changes that are staged but not committed.

• git commit -m "[message]"
  Commit your staged content as a new snapshot with a descriptive message.

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Setup

Configuring user information used across all local repositories

• git config --global user.name "[Name]"
  Set your name that will be associated with commits.

• git config --global user.email "[Email]"
  Set the email address that will be associated with your commits.

• git config --global color.ui auto
  Enable automatic command-line coloring for easier reading.

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Setup & Init

Configuring user info, initializing and cloning repositories

• git init
  Initialize an existing directory as a Git repository.

• git clone [url]
  Clone a repository from a remote URL.

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Branch & Merge

Isolating work in branches, changing context, and merging changes

• git branch
  List your branches. A * will appear next to the currently active branch.

• git branch [branch-name]
  Create a new branch from the current commit.

• git checkout [branch-name]
  Switch to another branch and update your working directory.

• git merge [branch]
  Merge the specified branch’s history into the current branch.

• git log
  Show the commit history of the current branch.

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Share & Update

Retrieving updates from a repository and updating local repositories

• git remote add [alias] [url]
  Add a remote URL with an alias.

• git fetch [alias]
  Fetch branches from a remote repository.

• git merge [alias]/[branch]
  Merge a remote branch into your current branch.

• git push [alias] [branch]
  Push commits from your local branch to the remote repository.

• git pull
  Fetch and merge changes from the remote repository to your local branch.

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Tracking Path Changes

Versioning file removals and path changes

• git rm [file]
  Delete a file from the project and stage the removal.

• git mv [old-path] [new-path]
  Rename or move a file and stage the change.

• git log --stat -M
  Show commit logs with details of moved or renamed files.

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Temporary Commits

Temporarily store changes and switch branches

• git stash
  Save modified and staged changes without committing them.

• git stash list
  List all stashed changes.

• git stash pop
  Apply the latest stashed changes.

• git stash drop
  Discard the most recent stashed changes.

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Rewrite History

Rewriting commits, updating branches, and clearing history

• git rebase [branch]
  Reapply commits of the current branch on top of another branch.

• git reset --hard [commit]
  Clear the staging area and rewrite the working directory from the specified commit.

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Inspect & Compare

Examining logs, diffs, and object information

• git log
  Show commit history for the active branch.

• git log [branchB]..[branchA]
  Show commits on branchA that are not on branchB.

• git log --follow [file]
  Show the commit history for a file, even across renames.

• git diff [branchB]...[branchA]
  Show the difference between branchA and branchB.

• git show [SHA]
  Show any Git object (commit, tag, etc.) in a human-readable format.

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Ignoring Patterns

Preventing unintentional staging or committing of files

• git config --global core.excludesfile [file]
  Set a global ignore pattern for all repositories.

• .gitignore
  Use a .gitignore file to specify files and patterns to ignore, such as:

    pgsqlCopyEditlogs/
    *.log
    temp*/
  

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